Fun with Operations
I hope you have used a calculator before ... If not, go buy one and work on it ... it makes the following explanation much clearer ...
Maths Operation
Add: +
Subtract: -
Divide: /
Multiply: * (not 'x' as on a calculator;)
Modulus: %
Assignment: =
String Operation
Concatenate: . (yes ... it is a 'dot')
Shortforms
Add and Assign: +=
Subtract and Assign: -=
Divide and Assign: /=
Multiply and Assign: *=
Modulus and Assign: %=
Concatenate and Assign: .=
Comparison Operation
Equal: ==
Not equal: !=
Equal and same datatype: ===
Greater: >
Greater than or equal: >=
Less than: <
Less than or equal: <=
Logical Operations
OR: ||
AND: &&
NOT: !
XOR: xor (... ONLY IF either left or right operand is true.)
Pre-Increment: ++$var
Pre-Decrement: --$var
Post-Increment: $var++
Post-Decrement: $var--
eg.
<?php
$left = true;
$right = false;
$result = ($left xor $right);
print($result);
?>
What will be the result? Try it out! (Result is "1".)
Maths Operation
Add: +
Subtract: -
Divide: /
Multiply: * (not 'x' as on a calculator;)
Modulus: %
Assignment: =
String Operation
Concatenate: . (yes ... it is a 'dot')
Shortforms
Add and Assign: +=
Subtract and Assign: -=
Divide and Assign: /=
Multiply and Assign: *=
Modulus and Assign: %=
Concatenate and Assign: .=
Comparison Operation
Equal: ==
Not equal: !=
Equal and same datatype: ===
Greater: >
Greater than or equal: >=
Less than: <
Less than or equal: <=
Logical Operations
OR: ||
AND: &&
NOT: !
XOR: xor (... ONLY IF either left or right operand is true.)
Pre-Increment: ++$var
Pre-Decrement: --$var
Post-Increment: $var++
Post-Decrement: $var--
eg.
<?php
$left = true;
$right = false;
$result = ($left xor $right);
print($result);
?>
What will be the result? Try it out! (Result is "1".)

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